Abstract
FLASH effect refers to ultra-high dose rates and ultra-fast irradiation that could reduce normal tissue damage while maintaining tumor control. An isochronous proton cyclotron can generate high-intensity continuous beams, making it ideal for potential FLASH proton therapy. However, generating the dose Bragg peak requires an energy degrader, leading to a drastic decrease in dose rate that is inadequate for FLASH therapy. This paper proposes a shoot-through beam modality by abandoning the energy degrader to increase beam intensity significantly. However, this results in the overall path dose being too high to be accepted. We investigate using focused proton beams to concentrate the dose into a small target volume to form a pseudo-Bragg-peak dose distribution. Simulations show that it can significantly reduce the integrated entrance and exit dose compared to the original parallel beam when delivering the same dose to the target volume, sparing the surrounding healthy tissue.
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