Abstract
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most common cause of bacteremia seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Bone and joint infections caused by MAC are exceedingly rare in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Seven previous cases of focal MAC osteomyelitis have been described in patients with HIV infection. Of these patients, two had focal disease and CD4+ lymphocyte counts >200 cells/mm3. The five other previously described patients had disease associated AIDS and a contiguous focus of infection, either arthritis, sinusitis, or subcutaneous abscess. Three of these patients also had associated MAC bacteremia. We review these previous cases and report a new patient who had isolated MAC osteomyelitis in the setting of AIDS and no evidence of contiguous infection or bacteremia.
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