Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 positive acute myeloid leukemia.

Abstract

Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations are common in newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They are associated with a high risk of relapse. The identification of FLT3 mutations has important implications for the management of AML. FLT3 inhibitors have shown improved outcomes in FLT3-positive AML when used as a single agent in the salvage setting. However, the combination of inhibitors and chemotherapy in the first-line setting is the real game changer in FLT3mutant AML. The introduction of these drugs has improved the prognosis of FLT3-mutant AML, but the development of resistance is common. There are still many unanswered questions about FLT3-mutant AML. This article will analyze recent advances for FLT3-mutant AML, focusing on front-line therapy and post-transplant maintenance. Novel drug combinations and strategies against FLT3 mutated AML are currently under investigation and will be the focus of future studies. The development of more selective and potent FLT3 inhibitors may further improve outcomes for patients with FLT3-positive AML. Monitoring minimal residual disease and overcoming resistance are key issues for the future.