Abstract
Abstract The use of flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) in H.264/AVC improves error resiliency at the expense of reduced coding efficiency with added overhead bits for slice headers and signalling. The trade-off is most severe at low bit rates, where header bits occupy a significant portion of the total bit budget. To better manage the rate and improve coding efficiency, we propose enhancements to the H.264/AVC frame layer rate control, which take into consideration the effects of using FMO for video transmission. In this article, we propose a new header bits model, an enhanced frame complexity measure, a bit allocation and a quantization parameter adjustment scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed improvements achieve better visual quality compared with the JM 9.2 frame layer rate control with FMO enabled using a different number of slice groups. Using FMO as an error resilient tool with better rate management is suitable in applications that have limited bandwidth and in error prone environments such as video transmission for mobile terminals.
Highlights
The H.264/AVC standard [1] has received much attention recently because of its high coding efficiency, error robustness and network friendly architecture
We have presented some improvements to the H.264/ AVC frame layer rate control using flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) for added error resiliency
We propose a new header bits model that uses the number of motion vector differences to more accurately model the header bits
Summary
The H.264/AVC standard [1] has received much attention recently because of its high coding efficiency, error robustness and network friendly architecture. The H.264/AVC has the biggest impact in applications where bandwidth is a limiting constraint and robustness to transmission errors is required. An application such as video transmission for mobile wireless environments is a good example where low bit rates are typical and the channel is highly prone to error. In order to meet the target bit rates demanded by the application and to be able to maximize the video quality, the video encoder implements a rate control algorithm. Since the design of encoders is not covered by standards, designers are free to implement their own rate control algorithms to suit their particular applications
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