Abstract
The Frequency Modulated Ultra-Wideband (FM-UWB) is known as a low-power, low-complexity modulation scheme targeting low to moderate data rates in applications such as wireless body area networks. In this paper, a thorough review of all FM-UWB receivers and transmitters reported in literature is presented. The emphasis is on trends in power reduction that exhibit an improvement by a factor 20 over the past eight years, showing the high potential of FM-UWB. The main architectural and circuit techniques that have led to this improvement are highlighted. Seldom explored potential of using higher data rates and more complex modulations is demonstrated as a way to increase energy efficiency of FM-UWB. Multi-user communication over a single Radio Frequency (RF) channel is explored in more depth and multi-channel transmission is proposed as an extension of standard FM-UWB. The two techniques provide means of decreasing network latency, improving performance, and allow the FM-UWB to accommodate the increasing number of sensor nodes in the emerging applications such as High-Density Wireless Sensor Networks.
Highlights
The recent advances in circuit design, combined with technology scaling, enabled highly miniaturized, ultra-low power radios that have been the key driving force behind the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)
As we intend to show in this paper, standard Frequency Modulated Ultra-Wideband (FM-UWB) can be extended to higher data-rates and higher order FSK modulations without a significant increase in complexity and power consumption, which would result in a higher efficiency of the entire system
Every FM-UWB transmitter consists of three blocks, the sub-carrier generator, the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) (sometimes as a part of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) or a Frequency Locked Loop (FLL)) and a power amplifier (PA)
Summary
The recent advances in circuit design, combined with technology scaling, enabled highly miniaturized, ultra-low power radios that have been the key driving force behind the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). The IR-UWB uses narrow pulses that can be modulated using on-off (OOK), position (PPM), phase (PSK) or frequency (FSK) modulation ( only OOKs and PSKs are supported by the standard). It is intended for high data rates and can achieve a considerably low energy per bit. As we intend to show in this paper, standard FM-UWB can be extended to higher data-rates and higher order FSK modulations without a significant increase in complexity and power consumption, which would result in a higher efficiency of the entire system. The potential of FM-UWB beyond a simple 2-FSK sub-carrier modulation is demonstrated using one of the existing receivers.
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