Abstract
Evaluation of the stratigraphic architecture of the Gombe Formation of the Gongola Sub-basin in the Northern Benue Trough indicated a build-up from six facies assemblage that consist of trough crossbedded sandstone, planar crossbedded sandstone, massive bedded sandstone, ripple laminated sandstone, parallel laminated sandstone and mudstones. These units were packaged into three facies association that constitutes of bedded sandstone facies association (FAgI), interbedded sandstone and mudstone facies association (FAgII) and amalgamated trough crossbedded sandstone facies association (FAgIII). These reflects mouth-bars, pro-delta and delta slope deposits and upper delta plain respectively. This deltaic prism is characterized by unidirectional current system devoid of signatures of tide and waves hydrodynamics in the subaqueous delta regions, thus indicating that the delta system of the Gombe Formation is a fluvial dominated delta.
Highlights
The phase following the mid-Cretaceous global transgressive event, emplaced a regressive condition in most of the basin in the West and Central African Rift System setting in the evolution of the Gombe Formation in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough [1], [2]
This researched aims to evaluate the facies and facies associations of this Gombe Formation at Gombe University stream, Gabukka stream and Doho village that represents some of its major outcrops in the Gongola Sub-basin in order to establish depositional model that characterizes its development at these localities
Deltaic systems are zones of seaward perturbation of land, where the rate sedimentation and discharge outrun accommodation creation, depicting a spatio-temporal profile characterized by fining upwards symmetry at its upper stratigraphic horizon typical of a fluvial system and an underlying coarsening upward signature typifying a delta system [30]. This architecture is in consonance with the facies association and successions of the Gombe Formation that showcases coarsening upward cycles at its lowermost horizon that graded into fining upward package depicting a paleogeographic coastline with adjacent elevated hinterlands that emplaces a depositional profile, promoting seawards trajectories
Summary
The phase following the mid-Cretaceous global transgressive event, emplaced a regressive condition in most of the basin in the West and Central African Rift System setting in the evolution of the Gombe Formation in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough [1], [2] This trough (Fig.1), developed due to the separation of the South American from the African plates during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous times, but its origin and evolution remained highly controversial with two theories prominently adjudged to give the most resounding postulations. This researched aims to evaluate the facies and facies associations of this Gombe Formation at Gombe University stream, Gabukka stream and Doho village that represents some of its major outcrops in the Gongola Sub-basin in order to establish depositional model that characterizes its development at these localities
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