Abstract
Although antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli is likely to be predominately the consequence of use of antimicrobial agents in humans and inadequate infection control, hygiene, and sanitation, articles by Johnson et al. [1] and Lautenbach et al. [2] in this issue of the Journal of Infectious Diseases suggest that the use of antimicrobial agents in food animals may make a greater contribution to such resistance than has been previously suspected. Large volumes and a wide variety of antimicrobial agents, including fluoroquinolones, are used in food animals (chickens, cattle, fish, pigs, and turkeys) [3-6]. The use of antimicrobial agents in food animals inevitably results in the development and spread of resistant bacteria in animals and the environment. These
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