Abstract
In functional materials, compounds with fluorite-type structures have important applications in gas sensors, solid-state electrolytes, ionic conductors, fuel cells, catalysis, and oxygen pumps. The fluorite-related anion-deficient nonstoichiometric and stoichiometric oxides are very sensitive to the external oxygen partial pressure. Thus, they are smart materials for transducing the variation in oxygen partial pressure via a change in their electric resistivity. Amazingly it can simultaneously have actuator effect to compensate the environmental change. This is an incredible and unique character of this system. In this chapter, we will explore fluorite-type and related structures to reveal the intrinsic connections between the observed properties and the crystal structures.
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