Abstract
Tumor glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism are usually enhanced, 18F-FDG for tumor glucose metabolism PET imaging has been clinically well known, but tumor amino acid metabolism PET imaging is not clinically familiar. Radiolabeled amino acids (AAs) are an important class of PET/CT tracers that target the upregulated amino acid transporters to show elevated amino acid metabolism in tumor cells. Radiolabeled amino acids were observed to have high uptake in tumor cells but low in normal tissues and inflammatory tissues. The radionuclides used in labeling amino acids include 15O, 13N, 11C, 123I, 18F and 68Ga, among which the most commonly used is 18F [1]. Available data support the use of certain 18F-labeled AAs for PET/CT imaging of gliomas, neuroendocrine tumors, prostate cancer and breast cancer [2, 3]. With the progress of the method of 18F labeling AAs [4–6], 18F-labeled AAs are well established for tumor PET/CT imaging. This review focuses on the current status of key clinical applications of 18F-labeled AAs in tumor PET/CT imaging.
Highlights
The clinical applications of tumor PET imaging are very extensive, including diagnosis, confirming status of lymph node and distant metastasis, and evaluating of curative effect. 18F-labeled amino acids (AAs) have been used for tumor PET imaging for decades, these are an important class of PET imaging agents that target the increased levels of AA transport by many types of tumor cells
This review focuses on the current status of key clinical applications of 18F-labeled AAs in tumor PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging
The clinical applications of tumor PET imaging are very extensive, including diagnosis, confirming status of lymph node and distant metastasis, and evaluating of curative effect. 18F-labeled AAs have been used for tumor PET imaging for decades, these are an important class of PET imaging agents that target the increased levels of AA transport by many types of tumor cells
Summary
The clinical applications of tumor PET imaging are very extensive, including diagnosis, confirming status of lymph node and distant metastasis, and evaluating of curative effect. 18F-labeled AAs have been used for tumor PET imaging for decades, these are an important class of PET imaging agents that target the increased levels of AA transport by many types of tumor cells. Available data support the use of certain 18F-labeled AAs for PET/CT imaging of gliomas, neuroendocrine tumors, prostate cancer and breast cancer [2, 3]. System L AA transporter has been a major focus of imaging agents development, and work in this field has led to several 18F-labeled AAs as PET tracers, such as 18F-FET, 18F-FDOPA, 18F-D-FMT, 18F-FAMT, 18F-OMFD, and 18F-FACBC.
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