Abstract
High fluoride concentration in groundwater occurs in majority of the dry and semidry regions of the Indian subcontinent. Mahendergarh district of Haryana state has been identified as Red Alert zone of high fluoride by Geological Survey of India (GSI). Most of the residents of Mahendergarh district are using ground water for drinking and irrigational purposes. The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the level of fluoride in ground water in all the eight blocks, i.e., Satnali, Sihma, Narnaul, Mahendergarh, Nizampur, Ateli, Kanina and Nangal Chaudhary of Mahendergarh district. Water samples were collected from 355 villages of the study area during December 2016 to May–June 2017 and were analyzed to find out the fluoride concentration with ion-selective electrode method. The fluoride distribution in Mahendergarh district ranged from 0.3 to 16.0 mg/l in ground water samples. Lowest value of 0.3 mg/l was reported in Dalanwas village of Satnali block and highest value of 16.0 mg/l in Narnaul city of Narnaul block. The outcome of the study revealed that out of 355 villages of the district, the fluoride level in 205 villages was found within the upper acceptable limit prescribed by WHO, i.e., 1.5 mg/l. The fluoride concentration in 150 villages was above permissible limit that may cause fluorosis among residents of the district. The fluoride distribution pattern showed that the high fluoride level was observed in the central part and the lowest in northwest part of the study area.
Highlights
IntroductionPoor drinking water quality is mainly accounted for 80% of the human diseases (WHO 1984)
All over the world, poor drinking water quality is mainly accounted for 80% of the human diseases (WHO 1984)
Ground water fluoride concentration at different sampling sites varied in different blocks of district Mahendegarh
Summary
Poor drinking water quality is mainly accounted for 80% of the human diseases (WHO 1984). More than 200 million people are using fluoride contaminated water for drinking purpose (Ayoob and Gupta 2006). Fluoride is non-biodegradable element which is the most phototoxic among pollutants and accumulates in plants, soil and water from low to high concentration (Fornasiero 2001).
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