Abstract
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate caries and dental fluorosis among Mexican preschoolers and school-aged children in a non-endemic zone for fluorosis and to measure its biological indicators.MethodsDMFT, DMFS, dmft, dmfs, and CDI indexes were applied. Fluoride urinary excretion and fluoride concentrations in home water, table salt, bottled water, bottled drinks, and toothpaste were determined.ResultsSchoolchildren presented fluorosis (CDI = 0.96) and dental caries (DMFT = 2.64 and DMFS = 3.97). Preschoolers presented dmft = 4.85 and dmfs = 8.80. DMFT and DMFS were lower in children with mild to moderate dental fluorosis (DF). Variable fluoride concentrations were found in the analyzed products (home water = 0.18–0.44 ppm F, table salt = 0–485 ppm F, bottled water = 0.18–0.47 ppm F, juices = 0.08–1.42 ppm F, nectars = 0.07–1.30 ppm F, bottled drinks = 0.10–1.70 ppm F, toothpaste = 0–2,053 ppm F). Mean daily fluoride excretion was 422 ± 176 μg/24 h for schoolchildren and 367 ± 150 μg/24 h for preschoolers.ConclusionsData from our study show that, despite values of excretion within an optimal fluoride intake range, the prevalence of caries was significant in both groups, and 60% of the 11- to 12-year-old children presented with dental fluorosis. In addition, variable fluoride concentrations in products frequently consumed by children were found.
Highlights
The halogen fluoride is well distributed throughout the Earth and never occurs in a free state in Nature
According to the fluoride concentration in the water, Mexico City is considered a non-endemic zone for dental fluorosis [23]
We found that 72.6 percent (n = 1,139) of 11- to 12-year-olds presented with dental caries (DMFT = 2.66 ± 2.40 and DMFS = 3.95 ± 4.18)
Summary
Due to concern with the increase in the prevalence of caries and fluorosis in Mexico, several studies have been performed to identify risk factors for these conditions. These studies have employed different methodologies and have followed different populations with variable sources of fluoride exposure. It has been reported that some endemic Mexican areas for dental fluorosis have a dental caries prevalence of 48.6 percent among children 12 to 15 years of age (DMFT = 1.15). One study conducted in an area considered to be non-endemic for dental fluorosis observed prevalences of dental caries ranging from 71.4 percent to 90.5 percent among 12-year-old children (DMFT = 2.78 to 4.64) [16]. The purpose of this study was to evaluate caries and dental fluorosis among Mexican preschoolers and schoolchildren in a non-endemic zone for fluorosis and to measure its biological indicators
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