Abstract
The development of luminescent materials is critical to humankind. The Nobel Prizes awarded in 2008 and 2010 for research on the development of green fluorescent proteins and super-resolved fluorescence imaging are proof of this (2014). Fluorescent probes, smart polymer machines, fluorescent chemosensors, fluorescence molecular thermometers, fluorescent imaging, drug delivery carriers, and other applications make fluorescent polymers (FPs) exciting materials. Two major branches can be distinguished in the field: (1) macromolecules with fluorophores in their structure and (2) aggregation-induced emission (AIE) FPs. In the first, the polymer (which may be conjugated) contains a fluorophore, conferring photoluminescent properties to the final material, offering tunable structures, robust mechanical properties, and low detection limits in sensing applications when compared to small-molecule or inorganic luminescent materials. In the latter, AIE FPs use a novel mode of fluorescence dependent on the aggregation state. AIE FP intra- and intermolecular interactions confer synergistic effects, improving their properties and performance over small molecules aggregation-induced, emission-based fluorescent materials (AIEgens). Despite their outstanding advantages (over classic polymers) of high emission efficiency, signal amplification, good processability, and multiple functionalization, AIE polymers have received less attention. This review examines some of the most significant advances in the broad field of FPs over the last six years, concluding with a general outlook and discussion of future challenges to promote advancements in these promising materials that can serve as a springboard for future innovation in the field.
Highlights
Contains a fluorophore, conferring photoluminescent properties to the final material, offering tunable structures, robust mechanical properties, and low detection limits in sensing applications when compared to small-molecule or inorganic luminescent materials
The self-indicating EPT thermogel is useful because the signals from the matrix showed the precise release of Dox depending on the change in Dox concentration. These findings suggest that when chemotherapeutics is used, the delayed release of drug-encapsulated micelles from aggregation-induced emission (AIE) thermogel may help to limit tumor growth
This review focused on research conducted over the last six years, on the design and preparation of fluorophores and AIE fluorescent polymers (FPs)-containing polymers
Summary
Luminescence is the emission of visible, ultraviolet, or infrared light in the optical range that is an excess over the thermal radiation emitted by the substance at a given temperature and continues after absorbing the excitation energy for a time significantly longer than the period of the absorbed light [1]. [9], glass [10], gold of surfaces [11],demand, quantumthere dots has [12],been and carbon variety fluorescent Because this high a lot of incarbon dots [13], which are combined with a variety of chemical receptors to produce a dots [13], are combined with a variety of chemical to produce variety terest in ofwhich fluorescent polymers (FPs)research Especially advantageous properties such as their increased response even after disturbance due to cooperatheir increased signal response evensignal after disturbance due to cooperative conformational itstive superior visco-elastic and properties, aid inadvantageous the manufacturing effects of mechanical its segments This which is especially due to of effectsconformational of its chain segments. FPs, similar to small fluorescent molecules, have a wide range of its mechanical superior visco-elastic mechanical whichofaid in devices the manufacturing and properties,and which aid in theproperties, manufacturing new [14–19]. The challenges and future development of this class of materials are discussed
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