Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) fluorophores like Pt-porphyrin along with analyte specific enzymes require co-encapsulation in biocompatible and biodegradable carriers in order to be transformed into implantable biosensors for efficient and continuous monitoring of analytes in patients. The main objective of this research is to develop natural, biodegradable, biocompatible and a novel co-encapsulated system of Pt-porphyrin encapsulated polymeric nanoparticle and nano-micro hybrid carriers. A sequential emulsification-solvent evaporation and an air driven atomization technique was used for developing above matrices and testing them for fluorescence based oxygen and glucose biosensing. The results indicate Pt-porphyrin can be efficiently encapsulated in Poly-lactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles and PLA-alginate nano-micro particles with sizes ~450 nm and 10 µm, respectively. Biosensing studies have showed a linear fluorescent response in oxygen concentrations ranging from of 0–6 mM (R2 = 0.992). The Oxygen sensitivity was transformed into a linear response of glucose catalytic reaction in the range of 0–10 mM (R2 = 0.968) with a response time of 4 minutes and a stability over 15 days. We believe that the investigated NIR fluorophores like Pt-Porphyrin based nano/nano-micro hybrid carrier systems are novel means of developing biocompatible biodegradable carriers for developing implantable glucose biosensors which can efficiently manage glucose levels in diabetes.
Highlights
Biosensors[3,4]
The current research describes for the first time, encapsulation of Pt-Porphyrin in a hydrophobic, biodegradable and biocompatible polymer based nano/micro/hybrid particles which work as an oxygen detection system so that it can be used for developing a glucose biosensor
Novel biocompatible and biodegradable carriers for Pt-Porphyrin fluorophore have been described which can function as a Near infrared (NIR) based oxygen sensitive fluorophore
Summary
Biosensors[3,4]. Intermittent and continuous measuring sensors suffer with problems of patient compliance due to associated pain during withdrawal of blood samples. Xu et al studied a ratiometric estimation of fluorescence in polyacrylamide-based PEBBLEs (probes encapsulated by biologically localized embedding) i.e. GOx and an oxygen sensitive fluorescent dye, Ru[dpp(SO3Na)2]3)Cl2 (4,7-diphenyl-1,10- phenanthroline disulfonic acid disodium salt)[9]. Pt/Pd-porphyrin acts as an oxygen sensitive fluorophore and has been traditionally encapsulated in hydrophobic carriers like silica based matrices e.g. organically modified silica (ORMOSILs), poly-fluorene derivatives, methacrylate derivatives, polystyrene etc[10,11,12,13] Most of these carriers are not biodegradable and biocompatible which are important aspects in developing implantable biosensors. The current research describes for the first time, encapsulation of Pt-Porphyrin in a hydrophobic, biodegradable and biocompatible polymer based nano/micro/hybrid particles which work as an oxygen detection system so that it can be used for developing a glucose biosensor. The biosensors were tested for biocompatibility using in vitro cell culture studies in L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines
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