Fluorescence "Turn-On" Indicator Displacement Assay-Based Sensing of Nitroexplosive 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol in Aqueous Media via a Polyelectrolyte and Dye Complex.

Abstract

A water-soluble nonfluorescent cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte poly(1,1′-((1,4-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(propane-3,1-diyl))bis(pyridin-1-ium)bromide) (PPPy) was specifically synthesized via an economical method of oxidative coupling polymerization in high yields. PPPy selectively recognized nitroexplosive picric acid (PA) by fluorescence “turn-on” in the presence of closely related nitroexplosive compounds, namely, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 4-nitrophenol via fluorescence indicator displacement assay (IDA) technique in water at pH 7.0. The polymer PPPy was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, gel permeable chromatography, UV–vis spectroscopy. The polymer PPPy forms an electrostatic complex with uranine dye. This ensemble scheme was utilized to detect PA with a limit of detection value of 295 nM (solution state) and 0.22 ppm (vapor state) through IDA, a phenomenon that is very different from the widely reported Förster resonance energy transfer, photoinduced electron transfer, ground-state charge transfer and inner filter effect based probes used for nitroexplosive PA detection.