Abstract
AbstractThe power of fluorescence spectroscopy in the study of nucleic acids relies on the availability of hundreds of different fluorophores that span the visible spectrum of light and the possibility of using them to label oligonucleotides (short fragments of DNA or RNA obtained by chemical synthesis) specifically. Any sequence can be obtained with one or more fluorophores and fluorophore quenchers attached at preselected positions by linkages with suitable parameters to ensure the optimal properties for the fluorescent oligonucleotides. Fluorescent labeling of long DNA or RNA fragments is also possible by enzymatic methods. Fluorescence‐based studies of nucleic acids are widely used in different areas such as basic research, molecular and clinical diagnostics, disease monitoring, therapeutic development, food technology, environmental sciences, and biotechnology. After a few words on biological and fluorescence backgrounds, the main labeling strategies will be developed and examples of biological questions that can be addressed with fluorescent oligonucleotides and the major types of fluorescence spectroscopy techniques will be reported.
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