Abstract
In this paper, we present a Smartphone-based Fluorescence Nanoparticle Detector (SPF-NPD) that can be used for identifying biological agents in biomedical applications. The experimental setup consists of an LED light source and an Eppendorf tube holder placed inside a dark chamber with an optimally located slit for aligning the camera of a smartphone. The camera acquires the fluorescence intensity variations in the target liquid sample placed in the Eppendorf tube and passes it to a dedicated android application running in the smartphone. Using the principle of fluorescence-based pathogen detection, the android application detects the pathogens and displays the results within a few seconds. Since, all smartphones are equipped with high-resolution cameras, the proposed SPF-NPD provides a simple and elegant solution for instantaneous detection of fluorescence nano particles and has a great potential for healthcare applications for live detection of pathogens. The intensity measurement in SPF-NPD algorithm uses 5-pixel method, that is, the center pixel followed by four immediate neighbor pixels, because of which, minimal sample quantity is sufficient for precise measurements. We establish the robustness of SPF-NPD through exhaustive experiments with various smartphone cameras having different resolutions ranging from 8 to 20 Megapixels. The results of the proposed SPF-NPD method are validated against those obtained from standard devices such as Perkin-Elmer Picoflor and Perkin-Elmer Enspire. The advantages of the proposed method are highlighted.
Highlights
Android is the most used mobile operating system in the world
Human beings wherever they reside are hemmed in by a briny of pathogens. These pathogens can be in the form of fungi, bacteria, viruses, and many other microorganisms [4]
When photon energy is stimulated by an external light source such as a Light Emitting Diode (LED), fluorophore absorbs its energy creating an excited electronic singlet state (S1′)
Summary
Android is the most used mobile operating system in the world. It has more users, worldwide than any other mobile operating system [1]. Android plays a successful role in the medical field [2,3] Human beings wherever they reside are hemmed in by a briny of pathogens. Traditional strategies of microorganism detection need analytical laboratories, typically in centralized facilities, which need substantial capital and extremely skilled manpower [8] These achieve sensitive and selective bacterial detection [9], they require a longer time to yield a result [10]. We created an android mobile application to analyze the intensity of the fluorescence to make a quantitative analysis of the target sample In this proposed method the intensity level is analyzed with 5 pixels, center pixel followed by four immediate neighbors’ pixels which analyzes with minimal sample quantity [16](17)
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