Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is now widely applied to the detection of specific normal and aberrant DNA sequences in both intact cells, either in interphase or metaphase, and isolated chromosomes. A logical extension of early in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques, simply exploiting the ability to label DNA with high-energy fluorophores, FISH is now applied in an increasing number of molecular diagnostic areas, including karyotype analysis, gene mapping, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic targeting. FISH has advantages over ISH, which are critical to its implementation in diagnostic medicine, particularly in reduced exposure time over radioactive ISH methods. Furthermore, FISH is perceived to be safer and has the added advantage that multiple fluorochromes can be used to discriminate different targets simultaneously.
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