Abstract
Microwave irradiation at GSM 900/1800 MHz mobile phone frequencies affects the electronic structure of cresyl violet in solution. These changes are important because laser-dye cresyl violet strongly bonds to DNA- and RNA-rich cell compounds in nerve tissues. The irradiation effects on the electronic structure of cresyl violet and its fluorescence data were all obtained experimentally at room temperature. For most laser dyes, this is not a trivial task because laser dye molecules possess a relatively complex structure. They usually consist of an extended system of conjugated double or aromatic <i >π</i>-bonds with attached auxochromic (electron donating) groups shifting the absorption band further towards longer wavelength. Because of the intrinsically high degree of conjugation, the vibrational modes of the molecular units couple strongly with each other. We found that the fluorescence quantum yield was increased from <svg style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:74.362503px;" id="M1" height="11.2875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 74.362503 11.2875" width="74.362503" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><path id="x30" d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,10.862)"><path id="x2E" d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.098,10.862)"><path id="x35" d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8
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q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g> </svg> to <svg style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:74.362503px;" id="M2" height="11.2875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 74.362503 11.2875" width="74.362503" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.098,10.862)"><path id="x37" d="M447 623l8 -12l-283 -613l-74 -10l-7 11q174 283 297 551h-216q-48 0 -62.5 -12t-33.5 -63h-29q10 60 18 148h382z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,20.257,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x35"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,32.19,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#xB1"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,45.942,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.102,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,57.977,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,66.137,10.862)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" /></g> </svg> due to intramolecular energy hopping of cresyl violet in solution which is exposed to microwave irradiation at mobile phone frequencies, and the photonic product cannot be used as a laser dye anymore.
Highlights
Cresyl violet (Figure 1) is often used as a staining agent for studying the changes on DNA- and RNA-rich compounds in tissues
The effects of microwave radiation on blood-brain barrier permeability heavily rely on cresyl violet based stain analysis, because laser dye molecules are often distinguished due to their relatively complex structure in photoluminescence data
Effects of microwave irradiation on cresyl violet in solution have not been studied in detail, and changes in the absorption band due to microwave irradiation are important for widespread applications of laser dye cresyl violet
Summary
Cresyl violet (Figure 1) is often used as a staining agent for studying the changes on DNA- and RNA-rich compounds in tissues. The effects of microwave radiation on blood-brain barrier permeability heavily rely on cresyl violet based stain analysis, because laser dye molecules are often distinguished due to their relatively complex structure in photoluminescence data. Effects of microwave irradiation on cresyl violet in solution have not been studied in detail, and changes in the absorption band due to microwave irradiation are important for widespread applications of laser dye cresyl violet.
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