Abstract
The maintenance of a fluid lipid bilayer is key for organelle function and cell viability. Given the critical role of lipid compositions in determining membrane properties and organelle identity, it is clear that cells must have elaborate mechanism for membrane maintenance during adaptive responses to environmental conditions. Emphasis of the presented study is on peroxisomes, oleic acid-inducible organelles that are essential for the growth of yeast under conditions of oleic acid as single carbon source. Here, we isolated peroxisomes, mitochondria and ER from oleic acid-induced Saccharomyces cerevisiae and determined the lipid composition of their membranes using shotgun lipidomics and compared it to lipid ordering using fluorescence microscopy. In comparison to mitochondrial and ER membranes, the peroxisomal membranes were slightly more disordered and characterized by a distinct enrichment of phosphaditylinositol, indicating an important role of this phospholipid in peroxisomal membrane associated processes.
Highlights
Poikilothermic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, reptiles, and fish cannot control their body temperature and must adapt their membrane lipid composition in order to maintain the fluidity of membranes at different temperatures
We present for the first time a detailed quantitative, mass spectrometry-based comparative analysis of the membrane lipidome and lipid order of yeast peroxisomes, mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) under oleic acid-inducing growth conditions
A significant difference in the experimental design, which might attribute to a different outcome of our study is the fact that for these studies peroxisomal membranes from oleic acid grown cells were compared to ER and mitochondrial membranes from cells grown in galactose medium (Zinser et al, 1991)
Summary
Poikilothermic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, reptiles, and fish cannot control their body temperature and must adapt their membrane lipid composition in order to maintain the fluidity of membranes at different temperatures. Little is known about the regulation of membrane fluidity in different organelles and especially in response to cellular stress (Ballweg and Ernst, 2017). The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has widely been used to study the architecture and regulation of lipid metabolism in eukaryotes. Growth of S. cerevisiae on oleic acid causes. Lipidomics – Peroxisomes, Mitochondria, and ER environmental stress that leads to a massive induction of expression of enzymes of fatty acid beta-oxidation. The enzymes for beta-oxidation are exclusively localized in peroxisomes and growth on oleic acid results in a massive proliferation of these organelles (Veenhuis et al, 1987)
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