Abstract
We provide an overview of recent achievements using quartz tuning forks for sensing liquid viscosity and density. The benefits of using quartz crystal tuning forks (QTFs) over other sensors are discussed on the basis of physical arguments and issues arising in real world applications. The path to highly accurate and robust measurement systems is described and a recently devised system considering these findings is presented. The performance of the system is analyzed for applications such as the mixing ratio measurement of fuels, diesel-soot contamination for engine oil condition monitoring, and particle size characterization in suspensions. It is concluded that using properly designed systems enables a variety of applications in industry and research.
Highlights
Piezoelectric sensors can be used to measure mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal parameters [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
In order to understand the whole range of benefits of using tuning forks for fluid sensing, they are compared to piezoelectric disc sensors
Frequencies can be measured by simple means with highest accuracy and such sensors can be used to measure very small layer thicknesses in vapor deposition systems, or molecules binding to a functionalized surface [9]. They are known as quartz crystal microbalances (QCM), and can be used to measure the physical properties of fluids as was first described by Kanazawa and Gordon in
Summary
Piezoelectric sensors can be used to measure mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal parameters [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. When Giessibl [10] introduced quartz crystal tuning forks (QTFs) for atomic force microscopy (AFM) in 1998, it triggered vivid and ongoing interest in QTFs as sensing elements. In Jakoby [11], a wide range of sensors for the dynamic shear viscosity η and the density ρ are reviewed, but the utilization of QTFs is not covered. Due to several advantages of using QTFs for fluid sensing, sophisticated setups have been proposed e.g., by [12,13] prior to our work. Into one consistent manuscript and demonstrate that accurately measured fluid parameters facilitate numerous applications, some of which are demonstrated in this paper.
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