Abstract
The Lubin-Zardeh deposit is located in the Western Alborz Magmatic belt, 45 km NE of Zanjan, Iran. This deposit contains polymetallic (Cu, Au, Pb, Zn) mineralization which is hosted by the Cenozoic volcanic-intrusive rocks of mainly intermediate and acidic composition. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bornite and tennantite-tetrahedrite, with native gold and silver are present in the ores. Quartz, adularia and clay minerals (illite-montmorillonite) with minor calcite are the most abundant gangue minerals and generally occur as fine-grained assemblages; some are, however, medium- and coarse-grained assemblages. The ore minerals show disseminated, vein-veinlet, replacement, and brecciated textures while the gangue minerals represent replacement, cockade, crustiform, colloform, comb, vein-veinlet and plumose textures. Alteration haloes along the main vein are silicic, argillic (illite-montmorillonite), sericitic and pyritic. Gold contents of the quartz-chalcopyrite-gold veins range from 0.002 to 10 ppm with an average of 0.52 ppm. The average values for total reserve of 0.5 Mt of Lubin-Zardeh deposit has been determined 1.3%, 0.7% and 0.4% for Cu, Pb and Zn, respectively. Most of fluid inclusions in the quartz-gold-sulfide veins consist of two vapor and liquid phases at room temperature. The primary fluid inclusions have a low to intermediate homogenization temperature between 127 and 327 °C and salinity between 4.07 and 13.98 wt% NaCl equivalent. Stable isotope and fluid inclusion studies indicate that mineralization occurred in two stages at Lubin Zardeh deposit i.e. stage I; along which base metal deposited and stage II which is associated with copper and gold mineralization. The δ18Oquartz values from stage I and stage II range from 9.56 to 12.77‰ and from 7.23 to 9.24‰, respectively while their δ34S values of sulfide minerals range from −0.9‰ to +6.2‰ and form −6.6‰ to −1.9‰. The isotopic and microthermometric data indicate that the hydrothermal solution evolved through mixing of magmatic fluids with meteoric waters. Boiling of magmatic fluid and mixing with meteoric waters were the main mechanisms of ore deposition in the Lubin-Zardeh low sulfidation epithermal deposit.
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