Abstract
The Haxi gold deposit located in the Hatu–Saertuohai metallogenic belt of the west Junggar region, China, is a newly discovered gold deposit with proven reserves of ∼10 tons of gold and an average grade of 6.70 g/t. Primarily, the deposit is hosted in the early Carboniferous Tailegula Formation, controlled by the NEE-trending Anqi fault. The gold ore bodies contain gold-bearing quartz veins and altered basalt. The ore mineral is dominated by abundant sulfides, such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, and a little gersdorffite. To date, three types of fluid inclusion in quartz veins have been identified: liquid–gas (V-type), CO2–H2O (C-type), and liquid–rich (L-type). The ore-forming fluids exhibit medium homogenization temperatures (Th) of 226 °C–325 °C with low salinities of 2.24–9.34 wt% NaCl equivalent and low densities from 0.72 to 0.88 g/cm3. The δD values range from −115.3‰ to −100.7‰, with an average value of −109.1‰; the δ18O values range from 11.3‰ to 12.2‰, with an average value of 11.8‰; and the δ34S values in sulfide range from 0.3‰ to 1.8‰, with an average of 1.2‰. The average values of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb in sulfide are 18.059, 15.547, and 37.996, respectively. To summarize, the metallogenic fluids were derived not from a single source but from late magmatic–hydrothermal fluid mixed with paleo-atmospheric water; furthermore, the ore-forming materials principally originated from a crust–mantle mixed source. The Pb model age calculated using Hautman’s formula is 347–365 Ma, leading to the speculation that the metallogenic period may be Devonian–Carboniferous.
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