Abstract
The Rushan gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula is currently the largest lode gold in China. Gold occurs mainly in pyrite- and polymetallic sulfide–quartz vein/veinlet stockworks. Fluid inclusions in the deposit are divided into three main types, namely CO 2–H 2O, H 2O–CO 2 ± CH 4 and aqueous ones. Microthermometric data show that the pre-gold fluids were CO 2-dominant (X CO 2 up to 0.53), and the total homogenization temperatures fall in the range of 298∼377 °C. These fluids, modified by fluid/wallrock reactions, gradually evolved into fluids with less CO 2 ( X CO 2 = 0.01∼0.19) in the main ore-forming stage, and the total homogenization temperatures range from 170 to 324 °C. Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope data suggest that ore-forming fluids were mixture of magmatic and meteoritic origin. Co-occurrence of gold and sulfides implies that gold was most likely transported in the form of gold–sulfide complexes. The wide distribution of CO 2 inclusions means that the pH variation during gold transportation was controlled by CO 2 buffering.
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