Abstract
Baryon number density perturbations offer a possible route to experimentally measure baryon number susceptibilities and heat conductivity of the quark gluon plasma. We study the fluid dynamical evolution of local and event-by-event fluctuations of baryon number density, flow velocity and energy density on top of a (generalized) Bjorken expansion. To that end we use a background-fluctuation splitting and a Bessel-Fourier decomposition for the fluctuating part of the fluid dynamical fields with respect to the azimuthal angle, the radius in the transverse plane and rapidity. We examine how the time evolution of linear perturbations depends on the equation of state as well as on shear viscosity, bulk viscosity and heat conductivity for modes with different azimuthal, radial and rapidity wave numbers. Finally we discuss how this information is accessible to experiments in terms of the transverse and rapidity dependence of correlation functions for baryonic particles in high energy nuclear collisions.
Highlights
One of the most important goals of the experimental program of high energy nuclear collisions is to determine the transport and thermodynamical properties of QCD as a function of temperature T and baryon chemical potential μ
During the past few decades, the experimental data measured at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva has shown collective behavior of the QCD matter created after the collision of heavy nuclei at high energies [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
This would be very interesting for low energy collision experiments which aim at exploring the QCD phase diagram, and at RHIC and LHC energies where baryon number diffusion could be another characteristic of the quark-gluon plasma
Summary
One of the most important goals of the experimental program of high energy nuclear collisions is to determine the transport and thermodynamical properties of QCD as a function of temperature T and baryon chemical potential μ. The hydrodynamic modeling of heavy ion collisions solves on an event-by-event basis the relativistic fluid equations corresponding to energy-momentum conservation laws together with the so called constitutive relations for the shear viscous tensor and bulk pressure Within this approach, little attention has been paid to the possible role of the baryon density n and/or baryon chemical potential μ. Provided possible signals are large enough to be seen within the constraints set by finite statistics, there could be a possibility to constrain the heat conductivity of the quark gluon plasma from experimental data This would be very interesting for low energy collision experiments which aim at exploring the QCD phase diagram, and at RHIC and LHC energies where baryon number diffusion could be another characteristic of the quark-gluon plasma. Some technical details of our calculations are presented in Appendixes A and B, respectively
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