Fluid Diplomacy: Managing water disputes in South Asia

Abstract

Water disputes in South Asia represent complex challenges stemming from competing demands, population growth, climate change impacts, and geopolitical tensions. This study examines the multifaceted nature of water conflicts in the region, focusing on transboundary rivers such as the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra, which serve as lifelines for millions of people across borders. It explores the historical context of water disputes in South Asia, tracing their origins to colonial-era water management practices and contemporary factors such as rapid urbanization and agricultural expansion. It analyzes the geopolitical dynamics underlying water conflicts, highlighting issues of sovereignty, power asymmetries, and the role of hydro-diplomacy in fostering cooperation. Moreover, the research focuses on the environmental implications of water disputes, including ecosystem degradation, biodiversity loss, and climate change vulnerability. Despite these challenges, the abstract identifies opportunities for collaborative solutions, emphasizing the importance of international mediation, legal frameworks, and sustainable water management practices. By fostering dialogue, trust-building, and equitable resource allocation, South Asian countries can work towards resolving water disputes and promoting regional peace, stability, and prosperity.