Abstract
Intravenous fluid and electrolyte management in paediatrics requires an understanding of the indication for intravenous fluid therapy and the underlying pathophysiology in order to meet requirements and avoid adverse events. Careful consideration needs to be given to the rate as well as the composition of intravenous therapy, and children's ongoing need should be reviewed regularly. Fluid therapy can be separated into maintenance fluids, replacement fluids that address electrolyte deficits and ongoing losses, and resuscitation fluids. We review the critical considerations when prescribing intravenous fluid for children and consider the challenges of non-osmotic secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), hyponatraemic encephalopathy and other electrolyte abnormalities. Fluid management in children with diabetic ketoacidosis is also reviewed.
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