Abstract

An analysis is presented of the Rayleigh component of the dynamic structure factor of a fluid under the influence of gravity and of a stationary temperature gradient. A conservative force like gravity in the absence of a temperature gradient modifies the Rayleigh spectrum, but not the integrated intensity. A dissipative thermodynamic force, like a temperature gradient, yields a modification of the Rayleigh spectrum and an enhancement of the Rayleigh-line intensity which varies as k -4 with the wave number k of the fluctuations. In the presence of both gravity and a temperature gradient, this k -4 growth law of the nonequilibrium fluctuations saturates for very small wave numbers.

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