Abstract
Electromagnetic fluctuations can cause a modification of time-averaged plasma dynamics. Their presence manifests itself through ponderomotive and magnetization forces. For incompressible transverse plasma motions, the ponderomotive force is mainly responsible for an alteration of the momentum balance while the magnetization causes primarily a modification of Ohm’s law. These modifications can substantially affect the low-frequency stability. Specifically, it can be shown that the ponderomotive force of fluctuations driven by velocity-space instabilities can stabilize the ideal internal kink mode in a tokamak and the flute mode in a tandem mirror reactor. Magnetization force of fluctuations can also affect the resistive modes. For the resistive internal kink, thought to be responsible for sawtooth oscillations, this effect can be stabilizing.
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