Abstract
We present a new mechanism of fluctuation-induced Nambu–Goldstone bosons in a scalar field theory of Higgs–Josephson systems. We consider a simple scalar field model with rotational symmetry. When there is an interaction which violates the rotational symmetry, the Nambu–Goldstone bosons become massive and massless bosons are concealed. We present a model where the massive boson becomes a massless boson as a result of the perturbative fluctuation. In our model the -symmetry associated with the chirality is also broken. The transition occurs as a first-order transition at the critical point. The ground state at absolute zero will flow into the state with more massless bosons due to fluctuation effects at finite temperature.
Highlights
When global and continuous symmetries are spontaneously broken, gapless excitation modes, called the Nambu-Goldstone bosons, exist and govern the long-distance behaviors of the system[1,2,3]
An interesting question is whether such an interaction will continuously conceal the Nambu-Goldstone bosons when the perturbative corrections are taken into account
Nambu-Goldstone boson emerges for a = 1 as a result of Summary We have proposed the mechanism of flucfluctuation of the U (1) phase variables
Summary
When global and continuous symmetries are spontaneously broken, gapless excitation modes, called the Nambu-Goldstone bosons, exist and govern the long-distance behaviors of the system[1,2,3]. Ρj takes a finite value at the minimum of the potential We set this value as ∆j and write ρj = ∆j + Hj. Hj is the Higgs field and represents fluctuation of the scalar field around the minimum ∆j. We consider the role of fluctua- This state is shown in Fig.1(c) using a spin analogue tion and show the existence of fluctuation-induced mass- where we have two antiferromagnetic spins and one vanless mode. We examine the following free-energy density by neglecting the kinetic term: ishing√spin This means that the η2-mode is massless and φ2 = 6η2 = θ1 − 2θ2 + θ3 can take any value. The chirality disappears at finite temperature leading to the emergency of a NambuGoldstone boson This represents a phenomenon that the Nambu-Goldstone boson appears due to a fluctuation effect
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