Abstract
The fluctuation theorem for currents is applied to several mesoscopic systemson the basis of Schnakenberg’s network theory, which allows one to verify itsconditions of validity. A graph is associated with the master equation ruling therandom process and its cycles can be used to obtain the thermodynamic forces oraffinities corresponding to the nonequilibrium constraints. This provides a method ofdefining the independent currents crossing the system in nonequilibrium steadystates and to formulate the fluctuation theorem for the currents. This result isapplied to out-of-equilibrium diffusion in a chain, to a biophysical model of ionchannels in a membrane, and to electronic transport in mesoscopic circuits madeof several tunnel junctions. In this latter, we show that the generalizations ofOnsager’s reciprocity relations to the nonlinear response coefficients also hold.
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