Abstract

The relationship between fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and mating success was studied within males of the sphragis-baring butterfly Luehdorfia japonica, which were collected at various periods during their mating season. FA was measured on the forewing and hindwing radius lengths of male butterflies. Mating frequency of males was estimated by assessing the degree of scale loss from their claspers. Males consume scales and use them to form sphragis on the female abdomen during copulation, sealing the ostium bursa for life. Age of males was scored as “wing age” 0 to 4 according to the wearing of the wing. FA was negatively correlated with mating frequency but positively correlated with wing age, and average FA decreased with mating season. As females have little chance to express mate choice, it is likely that FA is an indicator of male viability: symmetrical males live longer and/or fly more actively, resulting in a higher lifetime mating success compared to asymmetrical males.

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