Floyd Type II Congenital Tracheal Agenesis in a Preterm Neonate: A Rare Case Report

Abstract

Tracheal agenesis is a rare and life-threatening airway malformation, and currently, there is no curative treatment available. The described case involves a preterm male newborn at 30 weeks of gestational age who could not be intubated during resuscitation, despite multiple attempts. However, the baby could be ventilated after oesophageal intubation. Tracheal stenosis/ atresia was suspected, and airway evaluation was performed using a thin, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. No tracheal opening could be identified, and upon introducing the bronchoscope into the oesophagus, a triluminal opening was found, through which the scope could not be further navigated. To further delineate the anatomy, a Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) thorax was performed, revealing the absence of a tracheal lumen and the communication of both bronchi at the carina with the oesophagus. Unfortunately, the baby succumbed to the illness after three days. Tracheal agenesis is an anatomical malformation that typically presents as respiratory distress and the absence of an audible cry at birth. Attempts to establish a definite airway are unsuccessful, which may result in early neonatal death. Oesophageal intubation may temporarily establish ventilation until palliative surgery is performed.