Abstract
Tornadoes and cyclones, as is stated in numerous literary and audiovisual works dedicated to these out of balance physical systems, are two powerful and spectacular atmospheric phenomena whose vertical and horizontal profiles of winds and temperatures are not yet well known. Indeed, data and routine observations accumulated in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) databases, regardless of their diversity and perfection of the instruments used to achieve these data (e.g. satellites, onboard cameras, wind profilers, ultra modern calculators, etc.), offer mind-blowing performances on the extent of damage caused by these disturbances, but information provided by these ground and space based observations will never allow access to real profiles of winds associated with tornadoes and cyclones both at the ground’s surface and aloft. The works recently carried out by C. Mbane Biouele allow us to discover that winds associated with tornadoes and hurricanes result from vectors addition of troposphere’s horizontal geostrophic winds and vertical movements associated with passive convection. Unfortunately, geostrophic wind and passive convection are two familiar meteorological phenomena described with much awkwardness and monumental mistakes by all scientific books written by authors who have remained loyal to Hadley principle which states (for centuries) that hot air is lighter than cold air. It is very important to know that C. Mbane Biouele’s very recent publications demonstrate that Hadley principle is not valid in the troposphere’s regions occupied by Ferrell cells. Indeed, it is urgent for the development of meteorology to highlight with great insistence to everyone that there is a Physics principle diametrically opposed to popular Hadley one which provides thermodynamic reasons of the formation of Ferrell cells. This Principle will be named Mbane Biouele Principe and be clearly stated in this paper.
Highlights
Scientists interested in weather climate make extensive use of both George Hadley Principle and closely related to specifics on ideal gas) and geostrophic winds’ behavior in their practices to explain many meteorological phenomena such as the direction of the winds that take place around low pressure systems such as Tornadoes and Cyclones
Besides the wholly misconceived descriptions of both troposphere’s passive convection and geostrophic winds scattered in many scientific works, there is no book which gives importance to the mathematical modelling of these two familiar phenomena
Efforts will be made so that many well-known principles on passive convection and geostrophic motions set without proper mathematical formula will be explained, as simple as possible, to these principles’ related algebraic formulas
Summary
Scientists interested in weather climate make extensive use of both George Hadley Principle (stated in 1735) and closely related to specifics on ideal gas) and geostrophic winds’ behavior in their practices to explain many meteorological phenomena such as the direction of the winds that take place around low pressure systems such as Tornadoes and Cyclones. E.g., according to most observers, the reason why the geostrophic wind is parallel (instead of near parallel) to the isobars is (until now) not well explained by a relevant theory. Teaching those who study the earth’s atmosphere physics that the geostrophic wind leaves depressions on the left in the northern hemisphere (or on the right in the southern hemisphere) without providing any mathematical formula that consolidates these very useful principles, is the same think as preaching in the desert. Interpretations of Tornadoes or Cyclones Thermodynamics and Dynamics will be an easy exercise to researchers who will give importance to results on Troposphere’s deep and passive convection or geostrophic balance motions revealed in this paper
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