Abstract
This study features an enzyme-free amperometric determination of glucose with flow injection analysis (FIA) using pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) modified with nickel oxide-cobalt (II,III) oxide (NiO-Co3O4/PGE) and nickel oxide-copper nanoparticle (NiO-CuNPs/PGE). Both modified PGEs exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of glucose in strong alkaline media since they enhanced the peak current compared with the bare PGE and single metal oxide- or metal nanoparticle-modified PGEs. Flow-injection (FI) amperometry showed the linear response range, the limit of detection and sensitivity for NiO-Co3O4/PGE and NiO-CuNPs/PGE were 1.0–1000 µM, 0.23 µM and 586 µA mM−1 cm−2, and 0.10–250 µM, 0.03 µM and 949 µA mM−1 cm−2, respectively. Glucose was determined in real samples with good accuracy and precision.
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