Flowing Refractometer for Feed Water State Control in the Second Loop of Nuclear Reactor

Vadim Davydov,Valentin Dudkin,Roman Davydov,Irena Gureeva

doi:10.3390/en15020457

Abstract

The necessity to control the feed water state in the second loop of a nuclear power plant nuclear reactor is justified. The different methods of the state control of flowing water in the pipeline are reviewed. It has been established that controlling the feed water state should not result in irreversible changes in its chemical composition and physical structure. A change in the composition or structure of feed water leads to a change in its heat capacity. The heat transfer deteriorates, the production of electrical energy in the installation decreases, and the additional release of heat into the atmosphere increases. This process also occurs during the heat capacity changes for other reasons. The method for controlling the feed water heat capacity by measuring the value of the refractive index n is developed. The design of a flow-through refractometer based on the total internal reflection for control of the feed water state in the stream is made. The dependence of the heat capacity change of feed water from the refractive index is established. The results of research on different types of water are presented.

Highlights

At present, nuclear energy provides a significant proportion of humanity’s needs for electrical energy and, in some cases, thermal energy [1–7]
We have developed a design of a flow-through refractometer using the phenomenon of total internal reflection [26–34]
Our results showed that measuring the refractive index and temperature of the flowing feed water in the pipeline in real-time makes it possible to control the change in its specific heat capacity C

Summary

Introduction

Nuclear energy provides a significant proportion of humanity’s needs for electrical energy and, in some cases, thermal energy [1–7] This direction of energy is constantly evolving since it has an undeniable advantage over other types of electrical and thermal power plants [2,3,5–9]. Regardless of weather conditions, a nuclear power plant (NPP) allows you to provide the required power level at any time of the day [4–7]. It is essential for large industrial areas. More than 30% of regulation is included in new models of nuclear power plants This will significantly reduce the cost of generating electricity. At NPPs, increased attention is paid to reducing electricity costs and increasing environmental safety [8–12]

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