Flowering of understory herbs following thinning in the western Cascades, Oregon

Abstract

Thinning of young forest stands encourages development of the understory layer by increasing the levels of light and belowground resources. High-intensity thinning, with associated ground disturbance and high light levels, can lead to dominance by early seral species or by a few species of shrubs, while low-intensity thinning may not increase resource levels enough to encourage forest herbs. Changes in herb-layer abundance can be hard to detect because forest-floor herbs are often slow growing, but flowering increases rapidly in response to high resource levels. This study examined flowering of the understory herb community before and 5 years after low-intensity thinning. Flowering of 10 herb species was sampled in 62 nine-meter radius plots in six treatment units within the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest. Thinning proved to be the most important determinant of the composition of the flowering assemblage (that is of which plants were flowering in a given plot). Old-growth species and release species (those specializing in large forest openings) showed higher numbers of flowering ramets following thinning. Release species also showed significant positive linear relationships with the plot-level degree of reduction in Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii) basal area (BA), while old-growth species showed no significant relationships and forest generalist species showed significant negative linear relationships with reduction in BA. Plot-level reduction in BA explained little of the variation in numbers of flowering ramets per plot for most species except for the release species Hieracium albiflorum and the forest generalist Trillium ovatum. The overall lack of strong linear relationships between herb flowering and reduction in BA makes it difficult to predict optimal thinning intensities for these species. However, the results of this study suggest that even when low-intensity thinning does not significantly change herb abundance it could still influence the ecology of the understory herb community by increasing carbon allocation to sexual reproduction.