Abstract
Abstract Euphorbia hirta is a tree locally used as a traditional medicine in Africa and Australia to treat numerous diseases such as hypertension, respiratory ailments, tumors, anti-inflammatory activities etc. The objective of the study was to investigate immunomodulatory effects of the ethanol extract of E. hirta on humoral antibody & delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) immune responses, graft rejection, T-lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ receptors), B- lymphocyte (CD19+ receptor) and Th1 cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α & IFN-γ) in dose dependent manner in mice. Assessment of T and B cell receptors and their intracellular content of (Th1) cytokines was carried out by flowcytometric analysis in Balb/c mice. E. hirta ethanol extract at 25-200 mg/kg doses was given orally for seven days from the day of immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as an antigen. Cyclosporine 5 mg/kg and levamisole 2.5 mg/kg was used as standard drug. E. hirta maximum inhibition at 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o was found to significantly block the production of the cell mediated immune response, (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ receptors) and Th1 (IL-2, TNF-α & IFN-γ) and also prolongs graft rejection. E. hirta also showed a decrease of DTH response and dose related decrease in the primary antibody response. Based on the data, it can be suggested that E. hirta is a potent and non-toxic immunosuppressor, which can be further explored for the development of potent immunosuppressor.
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