Abstract
ABSTRACTParticle image velocimetry (PIV) is an experimental technique that uses microscale particles as tracers to measure the velocity of a fluid flow. In this paper, we seek to extend this technique to simultaneously measure fluid temperature as well, by employing a novel class of thermosensitive polymer particles. Towards this aim, we designed a process to encapsulate highly fluorescent thermosensitive NBD-AE-co-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) polymers into optically transparent poly(dimethylsiloxane) particles. These novel PIV particles enable direct measurement of water velocity while serving as temperature probes that increase their fluorescence intensity when the temperature rises above 32 °C. To demonstrate the ability of the particles to simultaneously serve as flow tracers and temperature sensors in water, we examine the flow velocity and temperature in the wake of a heated cylinder in a cross flow. Our results indicate the possibility of extending PIV to afford the spatial and temporal resolution of fluid velocity and temperature gradients in water, with potential application to the study of convection problems from life sciences to engineering.
Highlights
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an experimental technique that employs microscale particles as minimally invasive tracers to measure the velocity of a fluid flow [1,2]
To demonstrate the possibility of simultaneous measurement of flow velocity and temperature in PIV experiments, we examine the wake off a heated cylinder in water
We put forward a methodology for the design of active tracers for temperature sensing in water, and we discussed in detail their potential implementation in PIV
Summary
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an experimental technique that employs microscale particles as minimally invasive tracers to measure the velocity of a fluid flow [1,2]. The velocity field of the flow is reconstructed This technique has been extensively applied in academic and industrial laboratories over the last three decades [1,2]. PIV analyses have been often conducted in the aerospace and automotive industries to study external and internal flows. PIV has been used to investigate the flow in the vicinity of a propeller [3,4] and to study internal combustion of automotive engines [5,6]. PIV has been applied in the life sciences, where it has been utilized to inform the design of microfluidic biosensors [10] and investigate the behavior of biological flows [11,12]
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