Abstract
The presence of CO2, sand, and water in oil and gas reservoirs causes erosion–corrosion leading to material degradation in pipelines and fluid handling equipment that results in increasing maintenance and repair costs and a decrease in production. While the weight loss caused by erosion–corrosion is known to depend on flow velocity, angle of impact, sand loading and size and target material properties, field operators often limit the flow rate based on a critical corrosion velocity to protect the equipment. This study investigates the effects of sand loading and flow velocity on weight loss associated with erosion–corrosion in a mild steel sample using a submerged impingement jet. The weight loss by erosion, corrosion and their interaction for a flow velocity range of 10 m/s to 20 m/s and sand loading range of 300 mg/L to 600 mg/L, in a seawater environment, are presented. The results showed that the weight loss by pure erosion and erosion–corrosion interaction increases linearly with jet velocity and sand loading, and that erosion is dominant in all cases except at low velocity and sand loading. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images after impingement tests were analyzed. In addition, correlations for the velocity and sand loading were derived using the design of experiment method (DOE).
Highlights
Erosion–corrosion caused by the impingement of the corrosive slurries against metallic materials is one of the significant contributing factors to the degradation phenomenon in oil and gas industries
The erosion–corrosion process involves pure erosion, loss of materials from the surface caused by the impact of solid particles, static corrosion, deterioration of materials caused by an electrochemical reaction under zero-flow conditions, and the erosion–corrosion interaction, referred to as synergy
This paper focuses on the impact of sand loading and velocity on the erosion–corrosion of mild steel by the impingement test in an aqueous slurry
Summary
Erosion–corrosion caused by the impingement of the corrosive slurries against metallic materials is one of the significant contributing factors to the degradation phenomenon in oil and gas industries. Erosion–corrosion is a form of tribo-corrosion which damages both the surface layers and base of the metallic materials [1]. The erosion–corrosion process involves pure erosion, loss of materials from the surface caused by the impact of solid particles, static corrosion, deterioration of materials caused by an electrochemical reaction under zero-flow conditions, and the erosion–corrosion interaction, referred to as synergy. The total weight loss due to erosion–corrosion (TW L) can be represented as shown in Equation (1). In Equation (1), E0 is pure erosion, C0 is static corrosion and IEC is erosion–corrosion interaction (E–C interaction). The E–C interaction can be represented as the summation of erosion due to corrosion (dEC ) and corrosion due to erosion (dCE ) as shown in Equation (2)
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