Abstract
Experiments and three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulations have been performed to investigate natural and mixed convection in a shallow rectangular cavity filled with liquid gallium. The cavity was heated from below and cooled from above either in the absence or presence of lid motion. Experiments were conducted in a cavity having aspect ratios of 10 and 5 in the longitudinal and spanwise directions, respectively. Temperatures were recorded at different locations in the cavity, and temporal variation of the temperatures were analyzed using a fast Fourier transform. Three-dimensional unsteady direct numerical simulations were performed to obtain improved understanding of the flow structure in the cavity. The results show that lid motion has a significant effect on the flow and thermal structures in the cavity. For Richardson numbers less than unity, the effect of the lid motion is to reorganize the flow and to make the flow structure quasi-two-dimensional.
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