Abstract
Density, viscosity, and surface energy properties of some industrial, municipal and soil (extract) effluents were experimentally investigated by their flow in horizontal capillaries of 0.0421 cm internal radius. Observance of the square root of time law for meniscus advancement in an unfilled capillary and linearity between velocity and hydraulic gradient in a filled capillary verified Poiseuille's law under unsteady and steady flow. Surface tension decreased linearly with organic carbon of the effluents. The wettability (Cos α) was found to increase linearly with the ratio of humic colloidal carbon fraction (HCC) to total colloidal carbon fraction (TCC) (Cos α = 0.3791 + 1.6686 (HCC/TCC). An appreciable decrease in the values of penetration coefficient, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and infiltration capacity (t4) with the application of liqueur distillery effluent (ELD) in sand indicated the practical utility of applying ELD for decreasing the percolation losses of water and nutrients in sandy soils.
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