Abstract
Flow profiles were studied in two successive generations of large scale symmetrical models of typical junctions of the human bronchial tree (steady flows, Re = 100 to 1500). Inspiratory and expiratory flows were investigated with either flat or parabolic profiles entering the first branch. Downstream, profiles were obtained in the plane of the bifurcation and normal to it. Flow patterns were visualised for the range Re = 50 to 4500. Secondary motions were observed at all flow rates, their form depending upon direction of flow. Depending upon the curvature of the junction, flow separation with sluggish reversed flow could be observed in daughter tubes during inspiration. Inspiratory flow velocity profiles are highly asymmetric. In the plane of the junction, peak velocities swing to the inner walls. During expiration velocity profiles normal to the junction plane become flat while profiles in the plane develop an axial peak. The results suggest that flow patterns are complex and parabolic flow cannot be assumed.
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