Abstract
Traditional digital subtraction angiography provides rather limited evaluation of contrast flow dynamics when studying and treating intracranial brain aneurysms. A 1000-frames-per-second photon-counting x-ray detector was used to image detailed iodine-contrast flow patterns in an internal carotid artery aneurysm of a 3D-printed vascular phantom. High-speed imaging revealed differences in vortex and inflow patterns with and without a Pipeline Embolization Device flow diverter in more detail and clarity than could be seen in standard pulsed angiography. Improved temporal imaging has the potential to impact the outcomes of endovascular interventions by allowing clinicians to better understand and act on flow dynamics in real-time.
Highlights
We present the use of a 1000-fps single-photon-counting x-ray detector to visualize changes in detailed flow patterns in and around a 3D-printed flow-divertertreated internal carotid artery aneurysm model in high spatial and temporal resolution
An actual DSA frame will depend on the pulse width used and the velocity of the blood flow
When no Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) flow diverter was deployed, images acquired at 1000 fps (Fig 1A–C and On-line Video 1) clearly show flow into the aneurysm with the development of vortices of contrast in the aneurysmal sac
Summary
We present the use of a 1000-fps single-photon-counting x-ray detector to visualize changes in detailed flow patterns in and around a 3D-printed flow-divertertreated internal carotid artery aneurysm model in high spatial and temporal resolution.
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