Flow over a shrinking sheet containing hybrid nanoparticles with nonlinear thermal radiation and magnetohydrodynamic effects

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and nonlinear thermal radiation effects on flow over a shrinking sheet containing hybrid nanoparticles. By adopting appropriate similarity variables, the partial differential equations are converted to the similarity equations of a particular form. Later, these equations are solved through the bvp4c function. The outcomes reveal that the heat transfer reduces as the nonlinear thermal radiation is introduced in the flow field by increasing the temperature ratio parameter. Physically, rising values of these parameters represent higher radiation heat energy is pumped into the flow field and lead to a growth in the fluid temperature. Consequently, it raises the thermal boundary layer and then reduces the heat transfer rate. However, increasing the magnetic parameter raises the friction factor which impulsively improves the heat transfer performance due to the rising strength of the Lorentz force. Besides, satisfactory suction strength is required to generate the solutions for the shrinking sheet. Lastly, the temporal stability analysis reveals the first solution is stable and thus physically reliable in the long run, whereas the second solution is unstable.