Abstract
The Archimedes Tube Crystallizer (ATC) is a small-scale coiled tubular crystallizer operated with air-segmented flow. As individual liquid segments are moved through the apparatus by rotation, the ATC operates as a pump. Thus, the ATC overcomes pressure drop limitations of other continuous crystallizers, allowing for longer residence times and crystal growth phases. Understanding continuous crystallizer phenomena is the basis for a well-designed crystallization process, especially for small-scale applications in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry. Hydrodynamics and suspension behavior, for example, affect agglomeration, breakage, attrition, and ultimately crystallizer blockage. In practice, however, it is time-consuming to investigate these phenomena experimentally for each new material system. In this contribution, a flow map is developed in five steps through a combination of experiments, CFD simulations, and dimensionless numbers. Accordingly, operating parameters can be specified depending on ATC design and material system used, where suspension behavior is suitable for high-quality crystalline products.
Highlights
We introduced the Archimedes Tube Crystallizer (ATC)
We introduce our strategy for characterization of hydrodynamics and suspension behavior in the ATC
We focus on estimating the operating window for well-known sample material system L-alanine/water
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Su and Gao implemented a CFD simulation to evaluate suspension state and flow trajectory of α-glycine crystals Termühlen et al extended this image analysis approach for continuous crystallizer applications by a vertical direction [24] With this approach, the gravitational forces on larger particles of material system L-alanine/water with size fractions up to. We introduce our strategy for characterization of hydrodynamics and suspension behavior in the ATC For this purpose, we combine CFD simulations of liquid and solid phases with validation experiments. Based on experimental and numerical results, a five-step road map to estimate suspension behavior is outlined and conducted, resulting in a flow map for operating parameter selection Based on experimental and numerical results, a five-step road map to estimate suspension behavior is outlined and conducted in Section 5, resulting in a flow map for operating parameter selection
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