Abstract
Flow-injection potentiometric stripping analysis is introduced as a highly versatile technique for micro and trace determinations of heavy metals. The simple instrumentation used, with extremely short residence times (below 1 s), permits a simple throughput of 200 h –1. Up to four elements can be determined simultaneously at lower μgl − levels up to % levels. On-line sample manipulation (e.g., dilution and matrix modification is possible with one- and two-channel flow systems. The utility of f.i.p.s.a. is evaluted by comparing response, sensitivity, and practical aspects of four different flow-through cells. The method is successfully applied to the fast sequential measurements of zinc, lead and copper in tap water and to the direct determination of lad and cadmium in acid digests of biological samples without further treatment.
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