Flow injection dual-syringe sorbent extraction platform for metal determination in environmental matrices utilizing a new strong cation exchange sorbent micro-cartridge and flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract

A novel dual-syringe flow injection (DSFI) on-line column preconcentration system coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) has been developed for automatic trace metal determination in natural waters and biological samples. The proposed method was based on the on-line retention of Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) ions onto the surface of a strong cation exchanger resin named HyperSepSCX, in a readily exchangeable micro-cartridge format and subsequent elution with HCl (2 mol L−1) prior to flame atomization. The sorbent and the micro-cartridge exhibited high long term chemical and mechanical stability with fast kinetics for all analytes. All main chemical and hydrodynamic factors affecting the performance of the proposed method were studied thoroughly. For 15.0 mL sample volume, the enhancement factors were calculated as 92, 97, 93, 99 and 77 for Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) respectively and the detection limits (3 s) were in the range between 0.14 and 2.1 µg L−1. The precision (RSD) obtained was lower than 3.3% for all five metal ions with a sample throughput of 12 h−1. The developed method was evaluated by analyzing certified reference materials and spiked environmental natural water samples.