Flow-induced response and wake characteristics of a flexible splitter plate attached to a circular cylinder in laminar flow

Abstract

This paper reported the numerical results of the flow past a flexible splitter plate attached to the rear of a rigid circular cylinder at a low Reynolds number of 160. The finite-volume method (FVM) in OpenFOAM-9 and the finite-element method (FEM) in deal.ii are utilized to solve the fluid and solid domains of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) issue, respectively. The effects of the plate length L/D and normalized Young's modulus E* are examined. According to the equilibrium position and bending deformation order, five response modes are identified, including the symmetry-I, symmetry-II, symmetry-III, bifurcation-I, and bifurcation-II. The amplitude of the plate-tip is enhanced as the vortex shedding frequency approaches the natural frequency. Nevertheless, the bifurcation is observed between the symmetry-I and symmetry-II modes, where the vibration amplitude sharply drops. The number of local vortices occurring along the surface of flexible plate increases with the plate length, leading to more local negative pressure regions. Consequently, the higher mode response is excited. The greater shear stress occurs at the position of small curvature radius during the plate deformation. The 2S (a pair of vortices is alternately shed per cycle) vortex shedding mode is recognized in most cases. In contrast, the P + S (a pair of vortices shedding from one side and a single vortex shedding from the other side) mode is observed in the bifurcation-II mode with a relatively large amplitude. Due to the deflection, the wake flow becomes asymmetrical with a significant elongation of the recirculation region. Four interaction behaviors between the boundary layers and the plate are identified. The significant reduction of hydrodynamic forces is achieved when the flexible plate experiences the bifurcation.