Flow-Induced Orientation and Stretching of Entangled Polymers in the Framework of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics

Abstract

We provide a description of the Marrucci–Ianniruberto constitutive equation [Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, A 2003, 361, 677−688] for the rheology of entangled polymer melts in the context of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and we properly extend it to account for a second normal stress difference by introducing a second order term in the relaxation tensor in terms of the conformation tensor. The modified model incorporates one additional parameter, the anisotropic mobility parameter α, which allows for nonvanishing predictions of the second normal stress coefficient. Application of the second law of thermodynamics and the requirement that the evolution equation must preserve the positive-definite nature of the conformation tensor between successive entanglement points along the chain for all times and all flow fields constrain the convective constraint release (CCR) parameter βccr to values strictly greater than one (βccr > 1) and the new parameter α to values in the interval 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 − βccr–1. The modifi...