Abstract
An estimate of the residual strength achieved by saturated Toyoura sand during flow failure is proposed, based on laboratory tests where not only monotonic loading is applied alone, but a simultaneous cyclic stress is also superimposed. This superimposed or complementary cyclic stress represents the minor seismic shaking following strong shaking that is still acting on a liquefied sand driven by the in situ static stress. Hollow cylindrical samples are torsionally sheared under monotonic conditions and axially loaded under cyclic conditions. Field-like stress conditions are reproduced on a 45° plane. The cyclic axial load produces more torsional deformation and reduction of the residual strength. A procedure for the estimate of this reduction is proposed. The empirical formula and test results are validated only for Japanese standard Toyoura sand specimens prepared by moist tamping.
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